Ovarian Cancer in Indian Women: Silent Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore
Ovarian cancer, often referred to as a "silent killer," remains one of the most formidable health challenges facing women in India today. Ranking as the third most common cancer among Indian women, it affects approximately 6.8 women per 100,000 annually—translating to around 25,000 new cases each year. Despite this growing number, public awareness remains alarmingly low, largely due to the disease's ability to develop with minimal or no symptoms in its early stages.
What makes ovarian cancer especially dangerous is its tendency to go undetected until it has reached an advanced stage, where treatment becomes significantly more complex and less effective. This silent progression not only threatens the lives of thousands of women but also places a heavy financial burden on families and the healthcare system.
Several risk factors have been identified in connection with ovarian cancer. Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis—both relatively common in Indian women—are associated with increased risk. In addition, lifestyle and reproductive trends such as delayed childbearing are emerging as critical contributors. The shift toward having children later in life, while often a personal or economic decision, may unintentionally elevate the risk. Environmental concerns, including exposure to harmful chemicals and pollutants, are further compounding the issue.
In this blog, we delve into the causes, risk factors, and the need for early detection of ovarian cancer—and why it’s time to bring this silent threat into the spotlight.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries — the small, almond-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus that are responsible for producing eggs and female hormones. This cancer typically develops when abnormal cells in or around the ovaries begin to grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. If not detected early, these cancerous cells can spread to other parts of the reproductive system and beyond, making treatment more difficult.
There are several types of ovarian cancer, but the most common is epithelial ovarian cancer, which starts on the surface of the ovary. Less common types include germ cell tumors (from egg-producing cells) and stromal tumors (from hormone-producing tissue). The disease can affect women of any age, though it is most often diagnosed in those over 45.
What Makes Ovarian Cancer a “Silent Killer”?
Ovarian cancer has earned the label “silent killer” because its early symptoms are vague, subtle, and often mistaken for common digestive or menstrual issues. Many women ignore or misattribute these signs, and by the time the disease is detected, it has often progressed to an advanced stage.
Silent Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer Include:
These symptoms can easily be overlooked or confused with everyday conditions like indigestion, PMS, or stress. However, what sets ovarian cancer apart is the persistence and frequency of these signs. If any of these symptoms last for more than a couple of weeks and occur almost daily, it's important to consult a doctor for further evaluation.
Types of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer isn't a single disease—it includes several different types, each developing from various types of cells within or near the ovaries. The main types include:
Common Causes and Risk Factors of Ovarian Cancer
While the exact cause of ovarian cancer is still not fully understood, researchers have identified several risk factors that may increase a woman's chances of developing the disease:
Effective Ways to Help Prevent Ovarian Cancer
While there is no guaranteed method to completely prevent ovarian cancer, adopting certain lifestyle habits and undergoing regular medical evaluations can significantly lower the risk. Prevention is especially important because of the disease’s silent progression and late-stage detection in most cases. Here are some evidence-based preventive measures women can take:
1. Regular Medical Check-Ups and Pelvic Exams
2. Know Your Family History and Get Genetic Counseling
3. Transvaginal Ultrasound and CA-125 Blood Test
4. Maintain a Healthy Weight
5. Oral Contraceptives (With Caution and Medical Advice)
6. Consider Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
7. Avoid Exposure to Harmful Chemicals
8. Manage Underlying Health Conditions
Ovarian cancer may be silent, but prevention doesn't have to be. Staying informed, proactive, and in regular touch with your gynaecologist can go a long way in catching warning signs early or lowering your risk altogether. Empower yourself with knowledge—and prioritize your health.